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Giovan Battista (Giambattista) Vico (23 June 1668 – 23 January 1744) was an Italian political philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist, who is recognized as one of the greatest Enlightenment thinkers. He criticized the expansion and development of modern rationalism and was an apologist of classical antiquity. Vico is best known for his ''magnum opus'', the ''Scienza Nuova'' of 1725, often published in English as ''New Science''. Vico is a precursor of systemic and complexity thinking, as opposed to Cartesian analysis and other kinds of reductionism. Furthermore, he can be credited with the first exposition of the fundamental aspects of social science, though his views did not necessarily influence the first social scientists. He is also well known for noting that ''verum esse ipsum factum'' ("true itself is fact" or "the true itself is made"), a proposition that has been read as an early instance of constructivist epistemology.〔Ernst von Glasersfeld, ''An Introduction to Radical Constructivism''.〕〔Bizzell and Herzberg, 800, ''The Rhetorical Tradition''.〕 Vico is often claimed to have inaugurated modern philosophy of history, although the term is not found in his text (Vico speaks of a "history of philosophy narrated philosophically").〔The contemporary dominant interpretation of Vico owes much to Donald Philip Verene; see his 2002 "Giambattista Vico," ''A Companion to Early Modern Philosophy'', Steven M. Nadler, ed. (London: Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 0-631-21800-9), 570.〕 While Vico was not, strictly speaking, a historicist, interest in him has often been driven by historicists (such as Isaiah Berlin〔Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas〕 and Hayden White).〔(1976), "The tropics of history: The deep structure of the New Science" in Giambattista Vico, "Science of Humanity", ed. Giorgio Tagliacozzo and Donald Philip Verene (Baltimore and London, 1976)〕〔Giambattista Vico: An International Symposium. Giorgio Tagliacozzo, Editor; and Hayden V. White, Co-editor. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1969. Attempts to inaugurate a non-historicist interpretation of Vico are found in ''Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy''(), Spring 2009, Vol. 36.2, and Spring 2010 37.3, as well as in ''Historia Philosophica'', Vol. 11, 2013 ()〕 ==Biography== Born to a bookseller and the daughter of a carriage maker in Naples, Italy, Vico attended a series of grammar schools, but ill-health and dissatisfaction with Jesuit scholasticism led to home schooling. Evidence from his autobiographical work points to the likelihood Vico was mostly self-taught. According to Costelloe, this was due to his father's influence on him during a three-year absence from school caused by a fall at the age of seven. After a bout of typhus in 1686, Vico accepted a tutoring position in Vatolla (a ''Frazione'' of the ''comune'' of Perdifumo), south of Salerno, that would last for nine years. In 1699, he married a childhood friend, Teresa Destito, and took a chair in rhetoric at the University of Naples. Throughout his career, Vico would aspire to, but never attain, the more respectable chair of jurisprudence. In 1734, however, he was appointed royal historiographer by Charles III, king of Naples, and was offered a salary far surpassing that of his professorship. Vico retained the chair of rhetoric until ill-health forced him to retire in 1741. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Giambattista Vico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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